Where can you download, modify and share a silicon IP block just like you do, say, with gcc?
Nowhere.
The licenses of mainstream proprietary silicon CAD tools explicitly forbid publishing anything created with them. This is partially due to keep algorithms, such as place-and-route, more secret.
It is like writing a book with a proprietary word processor and then not having permission to publish it for not revealing how the grammar checker works.
Free silicon requires free CAD tools.
Not all CAD tool vendors publish part or all of their licenses, hence the list below is not exhaustive:
https://www.synopsys.com/verification/prototyping/haps/synopsys-license-agreement.html (section 2.2 comma 3)
http://s3.mentor.com/company/enduser-english.pdf (section 4.1)
Those using such tools should refer to the text of their licenses directly.
> [ . . . ] when you are granted a license to any Implementation IP, you will have a nonexclusive right to:
> [ . . . ] distribute the Implementation IP in netlist or GDSII format as part of any of your Integrated Designs to any third party that provides foundry services to you, solely for the purpose of having that foundry make physical implementations of one or more of entire Integrated Designs of yours, as long as the third-party foundry is subject to confidentiality obligations regarding the Implementation IP that are no less restrictive than the confidentiality obligations in this agreement [ . . . ]